Swiss minaret ban sends ripples worldwide
Swiss voters' decision to ban the construction of minarets has drawn worldwide criticism, with the United Nations and Council of Europe expressing outright concern.
UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Asma Jahangir, criticised the "clear discrimination towards the members of the Swiss Muslim community", in a statement on Monday.
"I have serious concerns about the negative consequences of the outcome of this vote on the freedom of religion or belief of members of the Swiss Muslim community," she said, and called for Switzerland to take the necessary measures to protect the freedom of religion.
Meanwhile a spokesman for the UN High Commission for Human Rights also confirmed on Monday that legal experts were assessing whether the ban conformed to international law. The Commission will give its position on the outcome once the legal assessment is complete.
The Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly said the Swiss referendum outcome risked "promoting feelings of exclusion and deepening divisions" in society.
"The decision, although an expression of popular opinion, is a source of serious concern," said Lluís Maria de Puig, president of the assembly, in a statement.
This vote is "testimony to the fears at the heart of the Swiss population – and Europe in general – towards Islamic integration", and the result goes against the values of tolerance, dialogue and respect for others' beliefs, which the Council seeks to uphold, he said.
The vote on Sunday was backed by 57.5 per cent of Swiss voters and a majority of cantons. Turnout was high, at around 53 per cent.
Negative signal
French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner appealed for the Swiss to go back on the decision, which he described as a "show of intolerance". He said he was "a bit scandalised" by the ban, which amounted to "oppressing a religion".
Sweden, holding the presidency of the European Union, also came out strongly against the result. Integration Minister Nyamko Sabuni said voting on the issue had been "an abuse of the Swiss voting system", while the Swedish foreign minister Carl Bildt said it was a "display of prejudice and perhaps even of fear ... at all levels a negative sign".
Tobias Billström, the Swedish migration minister, added that it was rare to make such a decision by referendum, with issues such as building height or location usually the domain of town planners. The Austrian interior minister, Maria Fekter, agreed.
Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini said he was "greatly concerned" at the signal the vote sent to the Islamic world.
For Germany the outcome demonstrated that there was fear of Islamicisation, which needed to be "taken seriously", said Wolfgang Bosbach, head of the German parliamentary internal affairs commission. But Christoph Steegmans, spokesman for the German Chancellery, said the government was "certain that freedom of religion was as important in Switzerland as it is to us".
Dutch far-right politician Geert Wilders followed the result by calling for the Netherlands to organise its own referendum on the issue, saying: "Whatever is possible in Switzerland could equally be done here."
Whats this
"Distorted image of Islam"
Elsewhere, the Vatican told the BBC on Monday that it endorsed a statement by the conference of Swiss Bishops criticising the vote for heightening "the problems of cohabitation between religions and cultures".
In Lebanon, influential Shi'ite cleric Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Fadllallah issued a statement calling the vote racist, and the fruit of a "propaganda campaign aimed at presenting a distorted and frightening image of Islam to the Swiss public". He urged Swiss Muslims not to respond with violence to the outcome.
In Indonesia, the world's biggest Muslim-majority country, the head of the country's largest Muslim group Maskuri Abdillah said the vote was a "manifestation of religious hatred", but called for followers "not to respond with excess".
Jana, the official news agency in Libya, which is in the midst of ongoing diplomatic spat with Switzerland, issued a statement saying it exposed Switzerland's racist side and enshrined in law a "racist religious action".
Swiss Justice Minister Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, attending a gathering of European Union justice ministers on Monday, was forced on the back foot and had to explain to her counterparts that Sunday's referendum vote was not "a referendum against Islam ... but a vote directed against fundamentalist developments".
Widmer-Schlumpf noted that it was foreseeable that an appeal against the ban could be lodged with the European Court of Human Rights.
Jessica Dacey, swissinfo.ch
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David, Canada
This is only a ban on minarets, not on mosques. There is outrage from the UN and Islamic groups. How shocking. Where is the outrage that Jews cannot even pray let alone rebuild on their holiest site, the Temple Mount, in their holy city of Jerusalem without muslims stoning them? Where is the outrage over the muslims blowing up the historical ancient Buddhist statues in Afghanistan? Where is the outrage over the muslims destroying the Sikh Golden Temple? Where is the outrage over Armenian churches being destroyed or converted to mosques? Where is the outrage over muslims destruction of Egyptian Coptic Christians home, business and churches? What about the conversion of the Tejo Mahalaya, a Hindu temple palace now known as the Taj Mahal, to an Islamic shrine, or the Hagia Sophia Church in Istanbul converted to a mosque? Interesting how in muslim countries, a minaret is not required of a mosque. Muslims are the last people who should be lecturing others about intolerance.
Stefi, United States
Nobody's exercise of individual human rights were violated by the referendum to ban the continued construction of minarets. Many mosques around the world exist without associated minarets. Muslims are allowed to practice their religion in a peaceful manner. This has not been infringed or limited in any way. Peace be with them.
Vera Gottlieb, Germany
It is up to the Swiss to decide what happens in their country - NOT to outsiders.
Christos, Greece
I respect the result of the referendum about the construction of new minarets in yours' country and I don't want to make any comments for this. I just want to say that mature democracies doesn't allow THE EXERCISE OF INDIVIDUAL-HUMAN RIGHTS TO BE SUBJECTED TO REFERENDUMS. We know that Swiss is an ultra developed country. We expected to be an ultra democracy, too. (I understand that this is very difficult for you, as is for me and for Greeks, also).
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Quickpoll
Do you think there will be negative reactions from abroad to the minaret ban?
This poll ends on: 29.11.2010
Key facts
Minaret ban - final results:
57.5% yes
42.5% no
Turnout: 53.4%
Four cantons carried out trials with e-voting. The Swiss abroad registered in Geneva and Basel City were also taking part in the scheme.
In brief
Switzerland has become the first European country to ban the construction of minarets.
The proposal was launched by members of the rightwing Swiss People's Party and the ultra conservative Federal Democratic Union.
The initiative came in response to opposition by conservative groups at a local level against applications to build a minaret next to a mosque.
