There’s renewed focus on Switzerland’s middle class after its rejection of tax reforms in a nationwide vote. Nearly two-thirds of Swiss society is defined as middle class, but what does the term really mean today?

In Sunday's vote, 59% of voters felt proposals to change the country’s corporate tax landscape were too generous to companies at the expense of ordinary taxpayers.

A large-scale study carried out by the Federal Statistical Office in 2013 gives some insights into the makeup of the modern  middle class.

Wages are the main criteria for deciding whether someone is part of the middle class or not. How the household is made up is also a determining factor. So people living in a household with a gross income of between 70 and 150% of the median income are classified as belonging to the middle class. Median income is the amount that divides income distribution into two equal groups, half having income above that amount and half below.

58.1% of Swiss are middle class. A fifth of the population earn less than the middle class and a fifth have more.

Between 1998 and 2013 the middle class represented between 57% and 61% of the population. It peaked at 61.3% in 2009 and then decreased somewhat. The Federal Statistical Office says there has not been a significant change. A sign that the middle class is not eroding, as some news reports claim.

Level of education is closely associated with an income bracket. The proportion of people without a post-compulsory school diploma decreases as income increases.

Lower middle class and people on low incomes have less confidence in the political system than the general population.

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