Exercise helps people recover after a heart attack but the benefits vanish when the workouts stop, Swiss researchers have found.

Doctors looked at 209 people who had survived a heart attack to gauge the effects of different types of exercise and what happened when people stopped regular physical activity.

The team from the Clinique Valmont-Genolier in Montreux said the blood vessel function improved after four weeks of exercise among people who exercised but that long-term physical activity was key to preventing another heart attack, in the study published in the journal Circulation on Monday.

As part of the study, volunteers were assigned to receive training in aerobic exercise, resistance workouts to build strength, a combination of both or to do no exercise at all.

After four weeks, blood vessel function in the three exercise groups improved regardless of the type of exercise, the researchers said. There were no improvements among the men and women who did not work out.

The researchers also asked some people in the exercise groups to stop physical activity. They found that after one month all the positive benefits of working out had vanished.

Heart disease – the world's leading cause of death – is caused by fatty deposits that harden and block arteries, high blood pressure which damages blood vessels, and other factors.

Doctors know that exercise improves heart function but how much and what type of exercise people should take after a heart attack is unclear, the researchers said.

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