The Swiss voice in the world since 1935

Swiss scientists develop method for ‘printing bones’

Syringe and statue
The method could be used to restore damaged artworks Eva Baur

Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) have developed a bio-composite that is unprecedentedly strong, light, and environmentally friendly. They hope to use it to mend works of art and coral reefs as well as bones.

The new 3D-printable ink contains a bacterium that produces calcium carbonate on contact with a solution containing urea, EPFL said in a statementExternal link on Thursday. Within about four days, any shape from the 3D printer mineralises into a bone-like material.

+ Studying bones in the lab

The result is a strong and resilient bio-composite, which can be produced using a standard 3D printer and natural materials, and without the extreme temperatures often required for manufacturing ceramics, the researchers said.

They presented this new printing method in the journal Materials Today. The end products no longer contain any living bacteria, as they are immersed in ethanol at the end of the mineralisation process.

Mending marine reefs

In addition to its potential applications in medicine, the material is ideal for restoring works of art. It can be injected directly into a vase or statue. In addition, the ink is a promising candidate for the construction of artificial corals that could be used to regenerate damaged sea reefs.

Producing bone-like materials in a laboratory or factory is “extremely challenging”, the researchers said. The ink would have to be liquid enough to be injected from a 3D printing nozzle, but solidify after printing. Previously, researchers tried to obtain such materials by mixing small mineral particles into the ink. However, the resulting structures tended to shrink as they dried, leading to cracks.

More

Popular Stories

Most Discussed

News

After the EU, Berne targets Russian oil with new sanctions

More

Switzerland follows the EU with new sanctions against Russian oil

This content was published on Switzerland is stepping up its sanctions against Russia in the context of the war in Ukraine. The measures are aimed at Russia's oil windfall. The European Union (EU) approved the same package of sanctions, the 18th since the start of the war, in mid-July.

Read more: Switzerland follows the EU with new sanctions against Russian oil
Federal Council promotes secure, voluntary and free e-ID

More

Swiss government makes a case for e-ID ahead of referendum

This content was published on The electronic-ID is secure and easy to use and its use is voluntary and free of charge: these are the arguments the government made in its campaign for a 'Yes' vote on the e-ID Act slated for September 28.

Read more: Swiss government makes a case for e-ID ahead of referendum
Residential property in Switzerland: prices continue to rise rapidly

More

Swiss real estate prices continue to rise rapidly

This content was published on Houses and flats became more expensive again in the first half of the year. In the second quarter of 2025 in particular, momentum increased across Switzerland due to high demand and low interest rates.

Read more: Swiss real estate prices continue to rise rapidly

In compliance with the JTI standards

More: SWI swissinfo.ch certified by the Journalism Trust Initiative

You can find an overview of ongoing debates with our journalists here . Please join us!

If you want to start a conversation about a topic raised in this article or want to report factual errors, email us at english@swissinfo.ch.

SWI swissinfo.ch - a branch of Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR

SWI swissinfo.ch - a branch of Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR