The Swiss voice in the world since 1935
Top stories
Stay in touch with Switzerland

You can learn a new language when deeply asleep

man asleep near laptop
Learning while sleeping? © KEYSTONE / GAETAN BALLY

It is possible to learn new vocabulary in a foreign language during district phases of deep sleep – and to retrieve it unconsciously when you wake up, University of Bern researchers have found.

People have long wondered whether “unproductive” sleep time could be used for learning, for example, a new language. But to date, sleep research has focused on the consolidation of memories that have been formed while you are awake, rather than actual sleep learning.

It is known, however, that sleep helps the learning process in that information learned during the day is replayed in the sleeping brain. This strengthens the still-fragile memory traces and embeds the new information into the learner’s existing store of knowledge.

Katharina Henke, Marc Züst und Simon Ruch of the Institute of Psychology and of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation “Decoding Sleep”External link at the University of Bern wanted to know if the same would apply to new information coming in while someone is asleep.

“These investigators now showed for the first time that new foreign words and their translation words could be associated during a midday nap with associations stored into wakefulness,” a University of Bern statementExternal link said.

The results have been published in the scientific journal Current Biology.External link

‘Up-states’

Researchers submitted 41 sleeping participants to a test to see if their brains would acquire vocabulary from a made-up language during their so-called “up-states”, when brain cells are active. In deep sleep, brain cells are commonly active for a short period of time before becoming briefly inactive (during a down-state). The two states alternate about every half second.

The semantic associations between words in an artificial language played during sleep and their German translations were only encoded and stored if the second word of the pair was repeatedly played during an up-state, researchers found.

For example, if a sleeping person had heard the word pairs “tofer = key” and “guga = elephant”, they were better able to categorise whether the sleep-played foreign words denominated something large (“guga”) or small (“tofer”) after waking. The total success rate was 60%.

“It was interesting that language areas of the brain and the hippocampus the brain’s essential memory hub were activated during the wake retrieval of sleep-learned vocabulary because these brain structures normally mediate wake learning of new vocabulary,” said Züst, co-first-author of the paper.

“These brain structures appear to mediate memory formation independently of the prevailing state of consciousness unconscious during deep sleep, conscious during wakefulness”.

Sleep theory

In addition to possible practical uses, this new evidence for sleep learning challenges current sleep and memory theories, the University of Bern said. The notion of sleep as an encapsulated mental state in which we are detached from the physical environment is no longer tenable, it added in its statement.

“In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be utilised for the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years,” commented research group leader Henke.

In particular, it remains to be determined whether relational vocabulary acquisition during sleep would boost subsequent wake learning of the same vocabulary, the researchers noted in the study.

Decoding sleep

Henke’s research group is part of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation “Decoding Sleep: From Neurons to Health & Mind” (IRC)External link, interdisciplanry project financed by the University of Bern, Switzerland. It involves 13 research groups in medicine, biology, psychology, and informatics. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness, and cognition.

Popular Stories

Most Discussed

News

Study: Rhine could become up to 4.2 degrees warmer by 2100

More

Rhine could warm by 4°C by 2100, scientists warn

This content was published on The water temperature of the Rhine River could rise by up to 4.2° degrees Celsius by the end of the century due to the warming planet, scientists warn.

Read more: Rhine could warm by 4°C by 2100, scientists warn
'Leopard 1 A5' combat tanks in Germany.

More

Switzerland eyes joining EU rearmament programme

This content was published on The Federal Council wants to explore the possibilities of joining the European Union’s €800-billion rearmament programme without compromising Swiss neutrality.

Read more: Switzerland eyes joining EU rearmament programme
Premiere for Swiss Air Force on French National Day

More

Premiere for Swiss Air Force on French National Day

This content was published on On July 14, the Swiss Air Force will take part in the traditional air parade in Paris to mark the French bank holidays with an F/A-18 fighter jet. This is a first for Switzerland.

Read more: Premiere for Swiss Air Force on French National Day
Industry calls for "lean implementation" of the EU treaty package

More

Swiss industry backs EU treaty package

This content was published on The Swiss business umbrella organisation Economiesuisse and the employers' association broadly support the package of agreements negotiated with the European Union.

Read more: Swiss industry backs EU treaty package

In compliance with the JTI standards

More: SWI swissinfo.ch certified by the Journalism Trust Initiative

You can find an overview of ongoing debates with our journalists here . Please join us!

If you want to start a conversation about a topic raised in this article or want to report factual errors, email us at english@swissinfo.ch.

SWI swissinfo.ch - a branch of Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR

SWI swissinfo.ch - a branch of Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR