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When is a democracy a ‘real’ democracy?

What defines a democracy in practice, and not just on paper? Globally, the gap between formal institutions and lived experience is raising questions about how democratic some systems really are.

Determining whether a country is democratic or not might seem straightforward. Are elections held? Are the results of elections respected? Do independent courts guarantee fair trials? Can you speak freely without fear?

In reality, the situation can often be less clear. Some countries hold elections but re-jig the system to limit genuine competition. Others enshrine freedoms – of speech, media or protest – in their constitutions, yet fail to uphold them in practice.

>> Read more in our recent article about the difficulties of defining the limits of liberal democracy:

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When is a democracy no longer a democracy?

This content was published on Beyond Switzerland’s borders, democracy is under pressure. But with gradual decay as much the cause as violent coups, it’s not always clear when, or if, it really “ends”.

Read more: When is a democracy no longer a democracy?

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