Parliament tackles future of GM crops in Switzerland

The debate is highlighting divisions over gene technology in Switzerland Keystone

Parliament is holding key discussions on genetic engineering in Switzerland. The two-day debate in the Senate is to decide on the commercial use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

A clear majority in the Senate wants to allow the genetic engineering of non-human organisms, provided strict environmental and scientific conditions are met. A minority, however, is in favour of introducing a moratorium until at least 2008 on the release of GM crops.

They say more time is needed for scientists to assess the risks of genetic engineering.

Among the main points of the amended law are safety standards, legal responsibilities, biodiversity and ethical questions, including the dignity of creation.

During an initial debate, speakers pointed out the benefits and opportunities of the technique. But they also pledged to take seriously fears of consumers, farmers and environmentalists.

They stressed the importance of setting strict controls for the release of GMOs and warned a ban on such techniques would hamper research in Switzerland and put small- and medium-sized companies at a disadvantage in the international market.

The environment minister, Moritz Leuenberger, said the government supported the legalisation of GMOs under certain conditions. He said the main aim of an amended law was to find a compromise by allowing genetic engineering and at the same time ensuring that the environment was protected.

The discussion highlighted the dilemma facing many of the senators, which is to weigh up the advantages and potential dangers that could result from GMOs. Some speakers said genetic engineering could be both a blessing and a curse for mankind.

They underlined that the technique could help increase productivity of crops and alleviate hunger in the world. But they also drew attention to the possible risks of mutating organisms and consequences for the environment.

It has taken the senate more than a year to prepare for the debate. It comes after Swiss voters in 1998 rejected a proposal to restrict genetic engineering and to outlaw the patenting of animals and plants.

During Wednesday’s debate the Senate agreed on a set of strict conditions for GMOs, including mandatory labelling of products that contain them.

Another key elements of the law, notably a proposal for a temporary ban on releasing GM crops for commercial use, will be considered by the Senate on Thursday.

The House of Representatives will discuss the law at a later stage.

Environmental groups, the national farmers’ association and consumers have called for a moratorium on the commercial use of GM plants. Several organisations said they would challenge any solution, which falls short of a temporary ban, by forcing a nationwide referendum.

A survey carried out last year showed 70 per cent of people in favour of a moratorium. The main retailers in Switzerland have made it clear they are not selling genetically modified foods. Farmers have also joined the campaign, saying there is a market for producers of GM-free products in Switzerland and Europe.

by Urs Geiser