Double-jobbing molecule tracked by scientists

Scientists at Lausanne University have discovered a molecular link between the immune system and brain function, knowledge that will help disease research.

The molecule – cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) – has until now mainly been known for its role in killing disease-causing agents in the immune system during inflammatory and immune reactions, when it is produced in large amounts.

The team of neurobiologists, led by Andrea Volterra, discovered that this immune molecule also plays a critical role in the normal function of the hippocampus, a brain area primarily involved in memory processes. The research is published in the journal Neuron.

In the absence of illness, the molecule TNFα, present in minimal amounts, plays an essential role in communicating within the brain. Too much or too little TNFα appears to disrupt this communication.

The scientists claim that the discovery of this molecular mechanism will improve understanding and ultimately treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, which feature TNFα  overproduction.